Gallblader- acute cholecystitis

Represent 90% of cases. Mean age is 60 years, 60% women
Symptoms: abdominal pain, right upper quadrant tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever, leukocytosis, mild jaundice
● 50% of those with jaundice have coexisting choledocholithiasis
● Due to stone impaction, versus biliary colic, which is due to intermittent obstruction
● 50% have bacterial infection (E. coli, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides)
● 1% mortality 

In the emergency room, patients with acute cholecystitis are given fluids through a vein and antibiotics to fight infection.

Although cholecystitis may clear up on its own, surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is usually needed when gallstones are present. Surgery may be done as soon as possible; however, some patients will not need surgery right away.

Nonsurgical treatment includes:

• Antibiotics to fight infection
• Low-fat diet (when food can be tolerated)
• Pain medicines